COMBINATIONA combination is a selection of objects without regard to order or arrangement. The different groups or selections of a number of things taken some or all of them at a time are called combinations. |
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Combination αှα့် Permutation ααူαီαော α‘αျα်αှာ
- α‘α ုαα ်αုα‘αွα်းαှာ α‘α ုαိုα်းαα ်αုαို αွေးαျα်αိုα်αα် αိုαါα ို့…။
- Permutation αα် αွေးαျα်αိုα်αော α‘α ုαိုα်းα‘αွα်းαှိ α‘α ုαα်αα ်αုαျα်းα ီ၏ α‘α ီα‘α α်αို αα့်αွα်း α α်းα ားαα်။
- Combination αα် αွေးαျα်αိုα်αော α‘α ုαိုα်းα‘αွα်းαှိ α‘α ုαα်αα ်αုαျα်းα ီ၏ α‘α ီα‘α α်αို αα့်αွα်း α α်းα ားαြα်း ααှိαါ။
A, B, C, D αှα့် E αျောα်းαား α αောα်αဲαှ αျောα်းαား α αောα်αါαော αိုα်α ားαှα်α‘αွဲ့ αွဲ့αα်αိုα‘α်αα်။
(a) α-αိုα်α ားαှα်၊ αု-αိုα်α ားαှα် αျောα်းαား α αောα်αါαော αိုα်α ားαှα် α‘αွဲ့αေါα်း αα်αျှ αွဲ့αိုα်ααα်း။
(b) αျောα်းαား α αောα်αါαော αိုα်α ားαှα် α‘αွဲ့αေါα်း αα်αျှ αွဲ့αိုα်ααα်း။
αေးαွα်း (a) αွα် α-αိုα်α ားαှα်၊ αှα့် αု-αိုα်α ားαှα် αူ၍ αွဲαြားαေးαားαα်။ αို့αြောα့် αα်αူα α-αိုα်α ားαှα် αြα ်αα်၊ αα်αူα αု-αိုα်α ားαှα် αြα ်αα်၊ αိုαော α‘α ီα‘α α်αα် α‘αေးαါαα်αို αွေ့ααါαα်။
αေးαွα်း (b) αွα် αျောα်းαား α αောα်αါαော αိုα်α ားαှα် α‘αွဲ့αေါα်းαု αေးαားαα်။ αိုα်α ားαှα်α‘αွဲ့၌ αျောα်းαားαှα ်αောα် αါαα်αα်αာαိုα‘α်αα်။ ααααျောα်းαား၊ αုαိααျောα်းαား၊ αα်αူαα်αါ αြα ်ααα်αိုαော αα်αှα်αျα်αα် α‘αေးααါαော့αါ။
αို့αြောα့် αေးαွα်း (a) α‘αွα် αွဲαိုα်αော α‘α ီα‘α α်αေါα်းαှာ $20$ αြα ်αြီး၊ αေးαွα်း (B) α‘αွα် αွဲαိုα်αော α‘α ီα‘α α်αေါα်းαှာ $10$ αြα ်αα်။
α‘ောα်αါααားαြα့် αှα်αွဲαေ့αာαြα့်αါ။
| A | B | C | D | E | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | AB | AC | AD | AE | |
| B | BA | BC | BD | BE | |
| C | CA | CB | CD | CE | |
| D | DA | DB | DC | DE | |
| E | EA | EB | EC | ED |
αေးαွα်း (a) αα် α‘α ီα‘α α် α‘αေးαါαောαြောα့် permutation αြα ်αြီး αေးαွα်း (b) αွα် αျောα်းαားαှα ်αောα်၏ α‘α ီα‘α α် α‘αေးααါαော့ αောαြောα့် combination αြα ်αα်။
COMBINATION OF $n$ OBJECTS TAKEN $r$ AT A TIME The number of combinations of $n$ different things taken $r$ at a time is denoted by ${}^nC_r$ and is defined as |
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
| Permutation | Combination |
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| Permutation is defined as arrangement of r things that can be done out of total n things. | Combination is defined as selection of r things that can be done out of total n things. |
| Represents arrangement. | Represents grouping or selection |
| Order of objects or arrangement matter | Order of grouping/selection does not matter |
| Denoted by $^{n}{{P}_{r}}=\displaystyle\frac{{n!}}{{(n-r)!}}$ | Denoted by $^{n}{{C}_{r}}=\displaystyle\frac{{n!}}{{r!}{(n-r)!}}$ |
| Many permutations can be derived from a single combination. | Only one combination can be derived with one permutation. |
α‘ောα်αါ video αြα့် αှα်αွဲαေ့αာαြα့်αါ။
Video Credit : Steve Stein
| Example (1) (a). A local school board with 8 people needs to form a committee with three people. How many ways can this committee be formed? Order of 3 people doesn't matter. Thus, it is combination. Number of ways to constitute a committee $\begin{array}{l} ={\ }^{8}{{C}_{3}}\\\\ =\displaystyle\frac{{8!}}{{3!}{(8-3)!}}\\\\ =\displaystyle\frac{{8!}}{{3!}{5!}}\\\\ = \displaystyle\frac{{8\times7\times6\times5\times4\times3\times2\times1}}{{(3\times2\times1)}\cdot{(5\times4\times3\times2\times1)}}\\\\ =56 \end{array}$ (b). A local school board with 8 people needs to form a committee with three different responsibilities. How many ways can this committee be formed? Order of 3 people matter for their responsibilities. Thus, it is permutation. Number of ways to constitute a committee. $\begin{array}{l} ={\ }^{8}{{P}_{3}}\\\\ =\displaystyle\frac{{8!}}{{(8-3)!}}\\\\ =\displaystyle\frac{{8!}}{{5!}}\\\\ = \displaystyle\frac{{8\times7\times6\times5\times4\times3\times2\times1}}{{5\times4\times3\times2\times1}}\\\\ =336 \end{array}$ |
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PROPERTIES OF COMBINATIONS$\begin{array}{|c|}\hline\color{red}{ 1. {\ }^{n}{C}_{r}={\ }^{n}{C}_{n-r}}\\\hline\end{array}$Proof: $\begin{aligned} \mathrm{LHS}&={ }^{n} C_{r}=\frac{n !}{r !(n-r) !} \\\\ \mathrm{RHS} &={ }^{n} C_{n-r}=\frac{n !}{(n-r) !(n-(n-r)) !} \\\\ &=\frac{n !}{(n-r) ! r !} \\\\ \therefore \mathrm{LHS} &=\mathrm{RHS} \\\\ \text { Note: }& 1. {\ }^{n} C_{x}={ }^{n} C_{y} \Rightarrow x= y \text { or } x+y=n\\\\ & 2. {\ }^{n} C_{0}={ }^{n} C_{n}=1\\\\ & 3. {\ }^{n} C_{1}={ }^{n} C_{n-1}=n\\\\ \end{aligned}$ $\begin{array}{|c|}\hline \color{red}{2. {\ }^{n} C_{r}+{ }^{n} C_{r-1}={ }^{n+1} C_{r}}\\\hline\end{array}$ Proof: $\begin{aligned} \mathrm{LHS} &={ }^{n} C_{r}+{ }^{n} C_{r-1} \\\\ &=\frac{n !}{r !(n-r) !}+\frac{n !}{(r-1) !(n-r+1) !} \\\\ &=\frac{n !}{r !(n-r) !} \times \frac{(n-r+1)}{(n-r+1)}+\frac{n !}{(r-1) !(n-r+1) !} \times \frac{r}{r} \\\\ &=\frac{n !(n-r+1)}{r !(n-r+1) !}+\frac{r \times n !}{r !(n-r+1) !}[n !=n(n-1) !] \\\\ &=\frac{n !(n+1)-r \times n !+r \times n !}{r !(n-r+1) !} \\\\ &=\frac{(n+1) !}{r !(n-r+1) !} \\\\ \operatorname{RHS} &={ }^{n+1} C_{r}\\\\ &=\frac{(n+1) !}{r !(n+1-r) !} \\\\ &=\frac{(n+1) !}{r !(n-r+1) !} \\\\ \therefore\ \mathrm{LHS} &=\mathrm{RHS} \end{aligned}$ $\begin{array}{|c|}\hline \color{red}{3. {\ }^{n} C_{r}=\displaystyle\frac{n_{n-1}}{r} C_{r-1}=\frac{n(n-1)_{n-2}}{r(r-1)} C_{r-2}=\ldots}\\\hline\end{array}$ Proof: $\begin{aligned} { }^{n} C_{r}&=\frac{n(n-1)(n-2) \ldots(n-r+1)}{1 \times 2 \times 3 \times \ldots(r-2)(r-1) r}\\\\ &=\frac{n}{r} \times \frac{(n-1)(n-2) \ldots(n-r+1)}{1 \times 2 \times 3 \times \ldots(r-2)(r-1)}\\\\ &=\frac{n}{r}\cdot{ }^{n-1} C_{r-1}\\\\ { }^{n} C_{r}&=\frac{n(n-1)(n-2) \ldots(n-r+1)}{1 \times 2 \times 3 \times \ldots(r-2)(r-1) r}\\\\ &=\frac{n(n-1)}{r(r-1)} \times \frac{(n-2) \ldots(n-r+1)}{1 \times 2 \times 3 \times \ldots(r-2)}\\\\ &=\frac{n(n-1)}{r(r-1)}\cdot{ }^{n-2} C_{r-2}\\\\ &\text{and so on.} \end{aligned}$ |
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