Introduction
Ellipse αိုαα်αှာ αြα်αီαα ်αုαေါ်αှိ αဲα₯αုံαα္αာα် αα်αα်းαြောα်းαု α‘αွα်αြောαိုα်αα်။ Solar System (αေα‘αွဲ့α‘α α်း) α‘αွα်းαှိ αြိုα်αα်αα်းαြောα်းαျားαα် ellipse αုံ αα္αာα်αှα့် α‘αီးα α်αုံး αူαီαα်။ αα်αွေ့αα်αα်αွα် Ellipse αိုα‘αှαα်αြα်းαှα့် αီαိုα်းαြုαုα်αα်α‘αွα် αိαုαာαွα် αျα်αြα့်α ွာα‘αုံးαြုαα်။ Whispering Chambers αုαေါ်αော α‘αျို့αော α‘αောα်α‘α‘ုံαျားαို elliptical domes (αဲα₯αုံα‘αိုးαုံး) αြα့်αα်αောα်αေ့αှိαα်။ α‘ောα်αါαုံαို αြα့်αါ။ Ellipse ၏ αုα်αα္αိαြောα့် $F_1$ ၌ αα်αေαော αူ၏ αြောα αားαျား αာαα်αြα့် ααြားαိုα်αα့် α‘αွာα‘αေးαွα်αှိαော $F_2$ αှαူα α‘αွα်ααူ αြားαိုα်αα်။
Definition
An ellipse is the set of all points, P, in a plane the sum of whose distances from two fixed points, $F_1$ and $F_2$, is constant.These two fixed points are called the foci (plural of focus). The midpoint of the segment connecting the foci is the center of the ellipse.
- α‘αှα်αေ (ααွေ့αျားαောα‘αှα်) αှα ်αု $F_1$ αှ $F_2$ α‘αွာα‘αေးαှα ်αု αေါα်းαြα်းαα် αိα်းαေ ($PF_1+ PF_2$ = constant) αြα ်αေαော α‘αှα်α‘ားαုံးαါαα်αα့်α‘α ု ($P$ α‘αှα်၏ αွေ့αျားαာ αα်းαြောα်း) αို ellipse αုαေါ်αα်။
- $F_1$ αှα့် $F_2$ αို ellipse ၏ αုံαျα်αျား (foci) αုαေါ်αα်။
- $F_1$ αှα့် $F_2$ ၏ α‘αα်αှα်αို ellipse ၏ center αုαေါ်αα်။
Important Terms
- Foci are the distinct fixed points in the plane such that the sum of the distances from each point on an ellipse is constant.
Foci (αုံαျα်αျား) αိုαα်αှာ ααွေ့αျားαိုα်αော α‘αှα်αေαှα ်αု αြα ်αြီး၊ ellipse αေါ်αှိα‘αှα်αα ်αုαှ αိုα‘αှα်αှα ်αုαို αα်αွα်αားαော αျα်းαြα်αျား၏ α‘αျားαျားαေါα်းαြα်းαα် αိα်းαေαြα ်αα်။ - Vertices are the points of intersection of an ellipse and the line through its foci.
Focus αှα ်αုαြα်αွားαော αျα်းαှα့် ellipse αို့ αြα်αောα‘αှα်αျား αို Vertices αုαေါ်αα်။ - Major axis is the chord connecting the vertices of an ellipse.
Vertices αှα ်αုαိုαα်αွα်αားαော αျα်းαို major axis αုαေါ်αα်။ - Centre is the midpoint of the segment connecting the foci of an ellipse.
foci αှα ်αုαိုαα်αားαော αျα်းαြα်၏ α‘αα်αှα်αို centre αုαေါ်αα်။ - Minor axis is the chord perpendicular to the major axis at the center of an ellipse.
major axis αို centre ၌ αောα့်αှα်αျαော αျα်းαို minor axis αုαေါ်αα်။ - Co-Vertices are the points of intersection of an ellipse and its minor axis.
minor axis αှα့် ellipse αို့ αြα်αောα‘αှα်αျားαို co-vertices αုαေါ်αα်။ - Length of major axis $ = 2a$
- Length of minor axis $ = 2b$
$PF_1+PF_2=\text{constant}$
Ellipse αုံαα ်αုαို α‘ောα်αေါ်αြαါαုံα‘αိုα်း αα်αွေ့ αေးαွဲαိုα်αါαα်။
αုံαွα်αြα်αွေ့ααα့်α‘αိုα်း $PF_1$ αှα့် $PF_2$ α‘αျားαှα ်αုαေါα်းαြα်းαα် αα်း၍αွဲαားαော αြိုး၏ α‘αျားαα် αြα ်αα်။ $P$ αိုαα်αှာ αဲαံαောα်αားαော αေαာαို αိုαိုαα်။ αဲαံαα်αα့်αေαာαွα် αှိαါα ေ $PF_1+ PF_2$ = length of string αြα ်αောαြောα့် constant αြα ်αြောα်း α‘αွα်αိαိုα်αα်။
$PF_1+ PF_2 = 2a$ αြα ်αြောα်း αα်αေαြαါαα်။ $P$ αα် αα်αα့်αေαာαွα် αှိαα်αြα ်α ေ $PF_1+ PF_2$ αα် αိα်းαေαြα ်αြောα်း αိαှိαဲ့αြီး αြα ်αα်။ αို့αြောα့် αα်αေαြαျα်αွα်αူα ေαα် $P$ αα် Ellipse ၏ vertex αေαာ၌αှိαα့် α‘αြေα‘αေαြα့် αα်αေαြαါαα်။
Vertex αေαာαွα် $P$ αှိαေαα့်α‘αါ $PF_1 = a+c$ and $PF_2=a-c$ αြα ်αα်။
αို့αြောα့် $PF_1+ PF_2 = a+c + a-c =2a$ αြα ်αြောα်း α‘αွα်ααူαိαိုα်αα်။
$a, b$ αှα့် $c$ αို့၏ αα်αွα်αျα်αို αှာαα် α‘ောα်αါα‘αြေα‘αေαြα့် α α်းα ားαါαα်။
αα်αှα်αားαော ellipse αα ်αုα‘αွα် $P$ αα် αα်αα့်αေαာαွα် αှိαα်αြα ်α ေ $a, b, c$ αို့၏ αα်αိုးαြောα်းαဲαြα်း ααှိαါ။
αို့αြောα့် αα်αွα်αျα်αို αှာαα် αွα်αူα ေαို့ $P$ αα် Ellipse ၏ co-vertex αေαာ၌αှိαα့် α‘αြေα‘αေαြα့် αα်αြαါαα်။
Co-Vertex αေαာαွα် $P$ αှိαေαα့်α‘αါ $PF_1 = PF_2 = a$ αြα ်αα်။ Pythagoras' Theorem α‘α $a^2 = b^2 + c^2$ αြα ်αါαα်။
Ellipse with Centre at $(0,0)$
Curve αα ်αု αα်းαြောα်းαေါ်αှိ $(x,y)$ α‘αှα်αျား၏ α‘α ုα‘αေးαို ၎α်း curve ၏ equation αုαေါ်αα်။ curve αα်းαြောα်းαေါ်αှိ αα်αα့် α‘αှα် $(x, y)$ ααို curve equation αို αြေαα်α ေαα်။ ααα်းαိုαော် αေးαားαော equation αို αြေαα်α ေαော α‘αှα်αα ်αု αွေ့αျားαာ αα်းαြောα်း (locus) αို Curve αုαေါ်αα်။
αα်αα်၍ centre α $(0,0)$ αှိαော ellipse αα ်αု၏ standard equation αို αα်αြαါαα်။
| Center : $(0,0)$ Verteices : $(-a,0)$ and $(a,0)$ Co-Vertices : $(-b,0)$ and $(b,0)$ Foci : $(-c,0)$ and $(c,0)$ Lenght of major axis = $2a$ Lenght of minor axis = $2b$ $PF_1=\sqrt{(x+c)^2+y^2}$ $PF_2=\sqrt{(x-c)^2+y^2}$ $\begin{array}{l}\ \ \text{For any point }P(x,y)\text{ on the ellipse,}\\\\\ \ P{{F}_{1}}+P{{F}_{2}}=2a\\\\\therefore \ \sqrt{{{{{(x+c)}}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}}}+\sqrt{{{{{(x-c)}}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}}}=2a\\\\\ \ \sqrt{{{{{(x+c)}}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}}}=2a-\sqrt{{{{{(x-c)}}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}}}\\\\\ \ \ \text{Squaring both sides,}\\\\\ \ \ {{(x+c)}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}=4{{a}^{2}}-4a\sqrt{{{{{(x-c)}}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}}}+{{(x-c)}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}\\\\\ \ \ {{(x-c)}^{2}}-\ {{(x+c)}^{2}}+4{{a}^{2}}=4a\sqrt{{{{{(x-c)}}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}}}\\\\\ \ \ (x-c+x+c)\ (x-c-x-c)+4{{a}^{2}}=4a\sqrt{{{{{(x-c)}}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}}}\\\\\ \ \ (2x)\ (-2c)+4{{a}^{2}}=4a\sqrt{{{{{(x-c)}}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}}}\\\\\ \ \ 4{{a}^{2}}-4cx=4a\sqrt{{{{{(x-c)}}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}}}\\\\\ \ \ 4{{a}^{2}}-4cx=4a\sqrt{{{{{(x-c)}}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}}}\\\\\ \ \ {{a}^{2}}-cx=a\sqrt{{{{{(x-c)}}^{2}}+{{y}^{2}}}}\\\\\ \ \ \text{Squaring both sides,}\\\\\ \ \ {{a}^{4}}-2{{a}^{2}}cx+{{c}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}={{a}^{2}}{{(x-c)}^{2}}+{{a}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}\\\\\ \ \ {{a}^{4}}-2{{a}^{2}}cx+{{c}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}={{a}^{2}}({{x}^{2}}-2cx+{{c}^{2}})+{{a}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}\\\\\ \ \ {{a}^{4}}-2{{a}^{2}}cx+{{c}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}={{a}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}-2{{a}^{2}}cx+{{a}^{2}}{{c}^{2}}+{{a}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}\\\\\ \ \ {{a}^{4}}+{{c}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}={{a}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}+{{a}^{2}}{{c}^{2}}+{{a}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}\\\\\ \ \ ({{a}^{2}}-{{c}^{2}}){{x}^{2}}+{{a}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}={{a}^{4}}-{{a}^{2}}{{c}^{2}}\\\\\ \ \ \text{Since}\ {{a}^{2}}={{b}^{2}}+{{c}^{2}},{{c}^{2}}={{a}^{2}}-{{b}^{2}}\\\\\ \ \ ({{a}^{2}}-{{a}^{2}}+{{b}^{2}}){{x}^{2}}+{{a}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}={{a}^{4}}-{{a}^{2}}({{a}^{2}}-{{b}^{2}})\\\\\ \ \ {{b}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}+{{a}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}={{a}^{4}}-{{a}^{4}}+{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\\\\\ \ \ {{b}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}+{{a}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}={{a}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\\\\\ \ \ \text{Dividing both sides with }{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\text{,}\\\\\ \ \ \displaystyle\frac{{{{b}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}}}{{{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}}+\displaystyle\frac{{{{a}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}}}{{{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}}=\displaystyle\frac{{{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}}{{{{a}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}}\\\\\ \ \ \displaystyle\frac{{{{x}^{2}}}}{{{{a}^{2}}}}+\displaystyle\frac{{{{y}^{2}}}}{{{{b}^{2}}}}=1\end{array}$ |
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α‘αα်αော်αြαါ equation αွα် major axis αα် horizontal αြα ်αα်။ α‘αα်၍ major axis αα် vertical αြα ်αျှα် ellipse ၏ equation αှာ $\displaystyle\frac{x^{2}}{b^{2}}+\frac{y^{2}}{a^{2}}=1$ αြα ်αွားαါαα်။





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